Rochester Automated Systems

Au·to·ma·tion , system using machines to perform tasks formerly done by human beings, and to control operations without human intervention.

Elements of Automation
The division of labor, reducing any process into its smallest steps, developed in the later 18th century. The division of labor increases production and reduces the skills required of workers. The simplification of work by the division of labor also made it possible for machines to duplicate the motions of the worker. As power technology evolved, these specialized machines were motorized. Power technology also gave rise to the factory system, because all workers and machines had to be near the power source.

Automation in Industry
Use of automation varies with production systems. In the steel, beverage, and canned food industries, products may be produced in batches. For example, a steel furnace is loaded, brought up to heat, and emptied of steel without much automation. The steel ingots may be shaped automatically, however.
The oil and chemical industries use continuous-flow production. In a refinery, crude oil flows continuously through pipes in cracking, distillation, and reaction devices as it is being processed into gasoline and fuel oil. Automatic-control devices governed by microprocessors and coordinated by a central computer regulate both the flow and reaction rates.
The automobile and other consumer product industries use mass production techniques of step-by-step manufacture and assembly. This system resembles continuous flow but involves transfer machines. A transfer machine moves the piece being worked on from one machine tool to another and positions the workpiece for the next machine operation.

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